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work colleague

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1 work colleague

Общая лексика: коллега по работе, товарищ по работе

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > work colleague
2 work colleague

collègue m f de travail

English-French business dictionary > work colleague
3 work

1 noun

(a) (labour) travail m;

∎ this report needs more work il y a encore du travail à faire sur ce rapport;

∎ to start work, to set to work se mettre au travail;

∎ she set to work on the contract elle a commencé à travailler sur le contrat

COMPUTING work area zone f de travail; work flow rhythme m de travail;

work flow schedule plan m de travail;

work in progress travail en cours; (sign) travaux;

work progress avancement m des travaux;

work rate cadence f de travail;

work to rule grève f du zèle;

work standard norme f de travail;

work study engineer ingénieur m en organisation

(b) (employment) travail m, emploi m;

∎ to look for work chercher du travail;

∎ to be out of work être sans travail ou sans emploi;

∎ to take time off work prendre des congés;

∎ she's off work today elle ne travaille pas aujourd'hui

work colleague collègue m f de travail; work experience expérience f professionnelle;

work permit permis m de travail

(c) (task) travail m;

∎ to take work home ramener du travail à la maison;

∎ he's trying to get some work done il essaie de travailler un peu

work group groupe m de travail

(d) works (construction) travaux m pl; (factory) usine f

works committee, works council comité m d'entreprise; works manager chef m d'établissement;

works owner maître m d'ouvrage

2 transitive verb

(employee) faire travailler;

∎ the boss works his staff hard le patron exige beaucoup de travail de ses employés

3 intransitive verb

(a) (of person) travailler;

∎ he works in advertising il travaille dans la publicité;

∎ we have to work to a budget nous devons travailler avec un certain budget;

∎ to work to rule faire la grève du zèle

(b) (of machine) fonctionner

(c) (of plan, idea, method) marcher

Flights to France were worst affected as an all day walkout interrupted more than 7,000 flights. Shorter stoppages in Greece, Portugal, Hungary and Italy brought airports to a standstill, and in Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg and Austria staff worked to rule.

1 transitive verb

(a) (plan) élaborer

(b) (account) examiner; (price) établir, calculer

2 intransitive verb

(total)

∎ to work out at s'élever à;

∎ the total works out at £9,000 le montant s'élève à 9000 livres

▸ work up transitive verb

to work one's way up faire son chemin;

∎ she worked her way up from secretary to managing director elle a commencé comme secrétaire et a fait son chemin jusqu'au poste de P-DG

English-French business dictionary > work
4 colleague

noun

Kollege, der/Kollegin, die

* * *
['koli:ɡ]
noun

(a person with whom one is associated in a profession or occupation: He gets on well with his colleagues.) der/die Kollege/Kollegin

* * *

col·league

[ˈkɒli:g, AM ˈkɑ:-]

n [Arbeits]kollege, -kollegin m, f, Mitarbeiter(in) m(f)

* * *
['kɒliːg]
n
Kollege m, Kollegin f
my colleagues at work — meine Arbeitskollegen

* * *

colleague [ˈkɒliːɡ; US ˈkɑ-] s Kollege m, Kollegin f, Mitarbeiter(in)

* * *

noun

Kollege, der/Kollegin, die

* * *

n.

Amtsbruder m.

Arbeitskollege m.

Kollege -n m.

Kollegin -nen f.

Mitarbeiter m.

English-german dictionary > colleague
5 associate

1. noun
1) (partner) Partner, der/Partnerin, die; Kompagnon, der; (colleague) Kollege, der/Kollegin, die; (of gangster) Komplize, der/Komplizin, die

2) (subordin- ate member) außerordentliches Mitglied
2. adjective
beigeordnet; außerordentlich [Mitglied usw.]
3. transitive verb
1) (join) in Verbindung bringen

be associated — in Verbindung stehen

2) (connect in the mind) in Verbindung bringen, (Psych.) assoziieren ( mit with)

3)

associate oneself with something — sich einer Sache (Dat.) anschließen
4. intransitive verb
associate with somebody — mit jemandem verkehren od. Umgang haben

* * *
1. [ə'səusieit] verb
1) (to connect in the mind: He always associated the smell of tobacco with his father.) verbinden

2) ((usually with with) to join (with someone) in friendship or work: They don't usually associate (with each other) after office hours.) Umgang haben
2. [-et] adjective
1) (having a lower position or rank: an associate professor.) außerordentlich

2) (joined or connected: associate organizations.) assozliert
3. noun
(a colleague or partner; a companion.) der/die Kollege/Kollegin; der/die Partner(in)

- academic.ru/4028/association">association
- in association with
* * *

As·so·ci·ate

[AM əˈsoʊʃiət]

n AM UNIV Grad, der nach Abschluss von 2 Jahren an einem Juniorencollege verliehen wird

* * *
[ə'səʊʃIɪt]
1. n

1) (= colleague) Kollege m, Kollegin f; (COMM = partner) Partner m, Kompagnon m, Teilhaber(in) m(f); (= accomplice) Komplize m, Komplizin f

2) (of a society) außerordentliches or assoziiertes Mitglied[ə'səʊʃIeɪt]

2. vt
in Verbindung bringen, assoziieren (ALSO PSYCH)
to associate oneself with sb/sth — sich jdm/einer Sache anschließen, sich mit jdm/einer Sache assoziieren

to be associated with sb/sth — mit jdm/einer Sache in Verbindung gebracht or assoziiert werden

it is associated in their minds with... — sie denken dabei gleich an (+acc)...

I don't associate him with sport — ich assoziiere ihn nicht mit Sport, ich denke bei ihm nicht an Sport

the Associated Union of... — der Gewerkschaftsverband der...

associate(d) company — Partnerfirma f [ə'səʊʃIeɪt]

3. vi

to associate with — verkehren mit

* * *

associate

A v/t [əˈsəʊʃıeıt; -sı-]

1. (with) (o.s. sich) vereinigen, -binden, zusammenschließen, assoziieren (mit), zugesellen, angliedern, anschließen, hinzufügen (dat):

associate o.s. with a party sich einer Partei anschließen;

associate o.s. with sb’s views sich jemandes Ansichten anschließen;

associated company WIRTSCH Br assoziiertes oder verbundenes Unternehmen;

associated state POL assoziierter Staat

2. assoziieren ( besonders PSYCH), (gedanklich) verbinden, in Verbindung oder Zusammenhang bringen, verknüpfen ( alle:

with mit):

food and its associated health risks Lebensmittel und die damit verbundenen Gesundheitsrisiken

B v/i [-ʃıeıt; -sı-]

1. verkehren, Umgang pflegen oder haben ( beide:

with mit)

2. (with) sich verbinden oder zusammentun (mit), sich anschließen (dat)

C adj [-ʃıət; -sııt; -sıeıt]

1. begleitend, damit verbunden

2. beigeordnet, Mit…:

associate editor Mitherausgeber m;

associate judge Beisitzer m;

Associate Justice US

a) Bundesrichter m,

b) beisitzender Richter eines obersten einzelstaatlichen Gerichts

3. außerordentlich:

associate member;

associate professor UNIV US (etwa) außerordentlicher Professor

D s [-ʃıət; -ʃııt; -ʃıeıt]

1. WIRTSCH Teilhaber(in), Gesellschafter(in)

2. Gefährte m, Gefährtin f, Genosse m, Genossin f, pej Spießgeselle m, -gesellin f, Komplize m, Komplizin f

3. Kollege m, Kollegin f, Mitarbeiter(in)

4. fig Begleiterscheinung f (to gen)

5. außerordentliches Mitglied

6. UNIV US Lehrbeauftragte(r) m/f(m)

7. PSYCH Assoziationswort n oder -idee f:

paired associates Paarassoziationen

assoc. abk

1. associate

2. associated

3. association

* * *
1. noun
1) (partner) Partner, der/Partnerin, die; Kompagnon, der; (colleague) Kollege, der/Kollegin, die; (of gangster) Komplize, der/Komplizin, die

2) (subordin- ate member) außerordentliches Mitglied
2. adjective
beigeordnet; außerordentlich [Mitglied usw.]
3. transitive verb
1) (join) in Verbindung bringen

be associated — in Verbindung stehen

2) (connect in the mind) in Verbindung bringen, (Psych.) assoziieren ( mit with)

3)

associate oneself with something — sich einer Sache (Dat.) anschließen
4. intransitive verb
associate with somebody — mit jemandem verkehren od. Umgang haben

* * *

n.

Gesellschafter m. v.

angehören v.

assoziieren v.

vereinigen v.

zugehörig v.

zuordnen v.

English-german dictionary > associate
6 trabajo

Del verbo trabajar: ( conjugate trabajar) \ \
trabajo es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

trabajó es: \ \
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries: trabajar trabajo
trabajar ( conjugate trabajar) verbo intransitivo 1 ( en general) to work;
◊ trabajo por cuenta propia to be self-employed;
trabajo jornada completa or a tiempo completo to work full-time; trabajo media jornada to work part-time; trabajo mucho to work hard; ¿en qué trabajas? what do you do (for a living)?; estoy trabajando en una novela I'm working on a novel; trabajo DE or COMO algo to work as sth 2 ( actuar) to act, perform;
◊ ¿quién trabaja en la película who's in the movie?
verbo transitivo 1
a) ‹campo/tierra/madera› to work

b) ‹ masa› ( con las manos) to knead, work
2 (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
trabajo sustantivo masculino 1
a) ( empleo) job;

◊ buscar trabajo to look for work o for a job;
quedarse sin trabajo to lose one's job; un trabajo fijo a steady job; un trabajo de media jornada a part-time job; un trabajo de jornada completa or a tiempo completo a full-time job
b) ( lugar) work;

◊ está en el trabajo she's at work;
ir al trabajo to go to work 2 (actividad, labor) work;
◊ trabajo en equipo teamwork;
el trabajo de la casa housework; los niños dan mucho trabajo children are hard work; ¡buen trabajo! well done!; trabajo de campo fieldwork; trabajos forzados hard labor^{( conjugate labor)}; trabajos manuales handicrafts (pl); trabajo voluntario voluntary o (AmE) volunteer work 3
a) ( tarea) job;

◊ limpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio cleaning the oven is a job I hate

b) ( obra escrita) piece of work;
(en universidad, escuela) essay 4 ( esfuerzo):
◊ con mucho trabajo consiguió levantarse with great effort she managed to get up;
me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard to believe
trabajar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to work: trabaja de secretaria, she works as a secretary
trabaja en los astilleros, she works in the shipyard
trabaja bien, he's a good worker
2 Cine (actuar) to act: en esta película trabaja mi actriz favorita, my favourite actress is in this movie
II verbo transitivo
1 (pulir, ejercitar, estudiar) to work on: tienes que trabajar más el estilo, you have to work on your style
2 (la madera) to work (un metal) to work (la tierra) to work, till (cuero) to emboss
2 (comerciar) to trade, sell: nosotros no trabajamos ese artículo, we don't stock that item
trabajo sustantivo masculino
1 work: hoy tengo poco trabajo, I have little work today
2 (empleo) job: no tiene trabajo, he is unemployed
3 (esfuerzo) work, effort: nos costó mucho trabajo hacerlo, it was hard to do it
4 Educ (sobre un tema) paper (de manualidades) craft work
5 (tarea) task
un trabajo de chinos, a laborious job ' trabajo' also found in these entries: Spanish: abarcar - abundancia - actual - adicta - adicto - afanosa - afanoso - agencia - agobiada - agobiado - agobiante - antigüedad - ascender - asquerosidad - aterrizar - balde - bestialidad - bicoca - bolsa - bordar - buscar - cadena - calendario - calle - cambiar - campo - capear - cara - cargada - cargado - caterva - chapucera - chapucero - chapuza - chollo - colocarse - como - condición - condicionamiento - construcción - cuanta - cuanto - cubierta - cubierto - dar - dejar - desbandada - descansada - descansado - descargar English: abandon - acclaim - actual - allocation - ambivalent - anxiety - apathetic - application - apply - apply for - apprentice - arm-twisting - artwork - assignment - at - attack - backlog - backup - barrel - be-all and end-all - begrudge - better - blouse - blue - board - bog down - boiler suit - book - botch - bother - bread-and-butter - bulk - burn out - bury - busywork - by - capacity - careless - carry over - casual - catch up - chapter - choose - chuck in - clerical - collaboration - colleague - comedown - commute - commuter

English-spanish dictionary > trabajo
7 of

əv
preposition

1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) de

2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) de

3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) de

4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) de

5) (showing: a picture of my father.) de

6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) de

7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) de

8) (about: an account of his work.) de

9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) de

10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) de

11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) de

12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.) de

13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) de

14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) menos

of prep

1. de

the wings of a plane las alas de un avión

the canals of Venice los canales de Venecia

a friend of Pauline's un amigo de Pauline

a glass of milk un vaso de leche

a kilo of apples un kilo de manzanas

a slice of bread una rebanada de pan

it's made of silver es de plata

the 11th of September el once de septiembre

2.

there are four of us somos cuatro

of

tr[ɒv, ʊnstressed əv]

preposition

1 (belonging to) de

■ a friend of mine un amigo mío

■ a colleague of John's un compañero de John

2 (made from) de

■ shoes of Spanish leather zapatos de piel española

3 (containing) de

■ a bag of crisps una bolsa de patatas

■ a bottle of wine un botella de vino

4 (showing a part, a quantity) de

■ a kilo of apples un kilo de manzanas

■ a sheet of paper una hoja de papel

5 (partitive use) de

■ a member of the team un miembro del equipo

■ the two of us nosotros dos

6 (dates, distance) de

■ the 7th of August el 7 de agosto

■ the first of May el uno de mayo

■ within a mile of here a menos de una milla de aquí

7 (apposition) de

■ the city of London la ciudad de Londres

8 (by) de

■ the works of Shakespeare las obras de Shakespeare

9 (originating from, living in) de

■ the people of Liverpool los habitantes de Liverpool

10 (depicting) de

■ a photo of my boyfriend una foto de mi novio

■ a map of Europe un mapa de Europa

11 (cause) de

■ of one's own free will por su propia voluntad

■ she died of aids murió de sida

12 (connected with) de

■ the Queen of England la reina de Inglaterra

■ the estimated time of arrival la hora de llegada prevista

13 (with, having) de

■ a child of five un niño de cinco años

■ a matter of importance un asunto de importancia

14 (description) de

■ how kind of you to buy me flowers qué amable de tu parte comprarme flores

15 (after superlative) de

■ best of all was the food lo mejor de todo fue la comida

■ most of all más que nada

of ['ʌv, 'ɑv] prep

1) from: de

a man of the city: un hombre de la ciudad

2) (indicating character or background) : de

a woman of great ability: una mujer de gran capacidad

3) (indicating cause) : de

he died of the flu: murió de la gripe

4) by: de

the works of Shakespeare: las obras de Shakespeare

5) (indicating contents, material, or quantity) : de

a house of wood: una casa de madera

a glass of water: un vaso de agua

6) (indicating belonging or connection) : de

the front of the house: el frente de la casa

7) about: sobre, de

tales of the West: los cuentos del Oeste

8) (indicating a particular example) : de

the city of Caracas: la ciudad de Caracas

9) for: por, a

love of country: amor por la patria

10) (indicating time or date)

five minutes of ten: las diez menos cinco

the eighth of April: el ocho de abril

of

prep.

• de prep.

• menos prep.

ɑːv, ɒv, weak form əv
preposition

1) (indicating relationship, material, content) de

the son of Mr and Mrs T Phipps — el hijo de los señores Phipps

it's made of wood — es de madera, está hecho de madera

a kilo of grapes — un kilo de uvas

a colleague of mine/his — un colega mío/suyo

2) ( descriptive use)

the city of Athens — la ciudad de Atenas

a boy of ten — un niño de diez años

a woman of courage — una mujer valiente

he's a giant of a man — es un gigante

3)

a) ( partitive use)

there were eight of us — éramos ocho

he invited the eight of us — nos invitó a los ocho

six of them survived — seis de ellos sobrevivieron

of all the stupid things to say! — mira qué cosa de ir a decir!

you of all people should have known better — tú deberías haberlo sabido mejor que nadie

b) ( with superl) de

the wisest of men — el más sabio de los hombres

most of all — más que nada

4)

a) ( indicating date) de

the sixth of October — el seis de octubre

b) ( indicating time)

it's ten (minutes) of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos diez, son diez para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)

it's a quarter of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos cuarto, son un cuarto para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)

Jane, his wife of six months... — Jane, con la que lleva/llevaba casado seis meses...

5) ( on the part of)

it was very kind of you — fue muy amable de su parte

6) ( inherent in)

the senselessness of it all, that's what depresses me — es lo absurdo de todo el asunto lo que me deprime

7) ( indicating cause)

it's a problem of their own making — es un problema que ellos mismos se han creado

what did he die of? — ¿de qué murió?

of itself — de por sí

[ɒv, ǝv]
PREP
1) (indicating possession) de

the house of my uncle — la casa de mi tío

the love of God — el amor de Dios

a friend of mine — un amigo mío

it's no business of yours — aquí no te metas, no tienes que ver con esto

2) (objective genitive) a, hacia

hatred of injustice — odio a la injusticia

love of country — el amor a la patria

3) (partitive etc) de

a pound of flour — una libra de harina

how much of this do you need? — ¿cuánto necesitas de eso?

there were four of them — eran cuatro

all of them — todos ellos

of the 12, two were bad — de los 12, dos estaban pasados

you of all people ought to know — debieras saberlo más que nadie

most of all — sobre todo, más que nada

we're the best of friends — somos muy (buenos) amigos

the book of books — el libro de los libros

king of kings — rey de reyes

4) (indicating cause) por, de

out of fear — por temor

out of anger — de rabia

of itself — de por sí

of necessity — por necesidad

to die of pneumonia — morir de pulmonía

5) (agent)

beloved of all — querido de todos

it was rude of him to say that — fue de mala educación que dijese eso

it was nice of him to offer — fue muy amable ofreciéndose

that was very kind of you — fue muy amable de su parte

6) (indicating material) de

made of steel/paper — hecho de acero/papel

7) (descriptive) de

the City of New York — la ciudad de Nueva York

a boy of eight — un niño de ocho años

a man of great ability — un hombre de gran talento

that idiot of a minister — ese idiota de ministro

by the name of Green — llamado Green

a real palace of a house — una casa que es un verdadero palacio

a tragedy of her own making — una tragedia que ella misma había labrado, una tragedia de su propia cosecha

bright of eye — de ojos claros

hard of heart — duro de corazón

8) (=concerning) de

what do you think of him? — ¿qué piensas de él?

what of it? — ¿y a ti qué (te) importa?, ¿y qué?

9) (indicating deprivation, riddance)

loss of faith — pérdida de fe

lack of water — falta de agua

10) (indicating separation in space or time) de

south of Glasgow — al sur de Glasgow

it's a quarter of six — (US) son las seis menos cuarto, falta un cuarto para las seis (LAm)

11) (in time phrases)

I go to the pub of an evening * — al pub suelo ir por las noches

he died of a Friday — frm murió un viernes

it was fine of a morning * — por la mañana hacía buen tiempo

12) (with certain verbs)

to dream of sth — soñar con algo

to judge of sth — juzgar algo, opinar sobre algo

he was robbed of his watch — le robaron el reloj, se le robó el reloj

to smell of sth — oler a algo

* * *
[ɑːv, ɒv], weak form [əv]
preposition

1) (indicating relationship, material, content) de

the son of Mr and Mrs T Phipps — el hijo de los señores Phipps

it's made of wood — es de madera, está hecho de madera

a kilo of grapes — un kilo de uvas

a colleague of mine/his — un colega mío/suyo

2) ( descriptive use)

the city of Athens — la ciudad de Atenas

a boy of ten — un niño de diez años

a woman of courage — una mujer valiente

he's a giant of a man — es un gigante

3)

a) ( partitive use)

there were eight of us — éramos ocho

he invited the eight of us — nos invitó a los ocho

six of them survived — seis de ellos sobrevivieron

of all the stupid things to say! — mira qué cosa de ir a decir!

you of all people should have known better — tú deberías haberlo sabido mejor que nadie

b) ( with superl) de

the wisest of men — el más sabio de los hombres

most of all — más que nada

4)

a) ( indicating date) de

the sixth of October — el seis de octubre

b) ( indicating time)

it's ten (minutes) of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos diez, son diez para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)

it's a quarter of five — (AmE) son las cinco menos cuarto, son un cuarto para las cinco (AmL exc RPl)

Jane, his wife of six months... — Jane, con la que lleva/llevaba casado seis meses...

5) ( on the part of)

it was very kind of you — fue muy amable de su parte

6) ( inherent in)

the senselessness of it all, that's what depresses me — es lo absurdo de todo el asunto lo que me deprime

7) ( indicating cause)

it's a problem of their own making — es un problema que ellos mismos se han creado

what did he die of? — ¿de qué murió?

of itself — de por sí

English-spanish dictionary > of
8 associate

1. [ə'səusieit] verb
1) (to connect in the mind: He always associated the smell of tobacco with his father.) forbinde; associere

2) ((usually with with) to join (with someone) in friendship or work: They don't usually associate (with each other) after office hours.) omgås
2. [-et] adjective
1) (having a lower position or rank: an associate professor.) assisterende

2) (joined or connected: associate organizations.) associeret
3. noun
(a colleague or partner; a companion.) kollega; partner

- association
- in association with
* * *
1. [ə'səusieit] verb
1) (to connect in the mind: He always associated the smell of tobacco with his father.) forbinde; associere

2) ((usually with with) to join (with someone) in friendship or work: They don't usually associate (with each other) after office hours.) omgås
2. [-et] adjective
1) (having a lower position or rank: an associate professor.) assisterende

2) (joined or connected: associate organizations.) associeret
3. noun
(a colleague or partner; a companion.) kollega; partner

- association
- in association with

English-Danish dictionary > associate
9 associate

I 1. [ə'səʊʃɪət]
aggettivo [member, body] associato
2.
nome

1) (colleague, partner) socio m. (-a)

an associate in crime — un complice

2) (of society) membro m.; (of academic body) (professore) associato m.

3) AE univ. = diploma universitario
II 1. [ə'səʊʃɪeɪt]
verbo transitivo

1) associare, collegare [idea, memory] ( with a)

2) (be involved in)

to be associated with — [ person] fare parte di [movement, group]; spreg. essere immischiato in [ shady business]
2.
verbo intransitivo

to associate with sb. — frequentare qcn

* * *
1. [ə'səusieit] verb
1) (to connect in the mind: He always associated the smell of tobacco with his father.) associare

2) ((usually with with) to join (with someone) in friendship or work: They don't usually associate (with each other) after office hours.) frequentarsi
2. [-et] adjective
1) (having a lower position or rank: an associate professor.) associato

2) (joined or connected: associate organizations.) associato
3. noun
(a colleague or partner; a companion.) socio; collega

- association
- in association with
* * *
associate /əˈsəʊʃɪət/
A a.

1 associato; con- (pref.); vice: associate director, (comm.) vicedirettore; (teatr.) vicedirettore artistico; (giorn.) associate editor, condirettore; (cinem.) associate producer, produttore associato

2 associato; aggiunto: associate member, socio aggiunto

B n.

1 socio; collega; compagno: business associate, socio in affari; ( USA) sales associate, addetto alle vendite

2 membro subordinato ( di associazione o di istituto)

3 cosa collegata ( con un'altra): Health is an associate to happiness, la salute concorre a dare la felicità

4 ( USA) diplomato da un ► «junior college» (► junior): associate in music, diplomato in musica

5 (leg., = associate in crime) complice

● (in USA) associate degree, diploma universitario (rilasciato da un ► «junior college», ► junior) □ (leg.) associate judge, ausiliare (di un giudice della ► «Supreme Court», ► supreme) □ ( università, in USA) associate professor, professore associato (grado intermedio tra ► «assistant professor», ► assistant, e ► «full professor», ► full).
♦ (to) associate /əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt/
A v. t.

1 associare ( mentalmente); collegare: I associate that place with peace and quiet, associo quel posto alla tranquillità

2 (al passivo) – to be associated with, essere legato a; accompagnare; andare congiunto a: ailments that are associated with old age, i disturbi legati alla vecchiaia

3 ( al passivo) – to be associated with, avere a che fare con; essere coinvolto in; avere rapporti con: I don't want to be associated with his project, non voglio avere a che fare con il suo progetto

B v. i.

1 associarsi; unirsi

2 – to associate with, essere collegato con; avere a che fare con

3 – to associate with, frequentare; avere rapporti con: Don't associate with people of doubtful reputation, non frequentare persone di dubbia fama

● to associate oneself ► sopra, B, def. 1 e 2.

* * *
I 1. [ə'səʊʃɪət]
aggettivo [member, body] associato
2.
nome

1) (colleague, partner) socio m. (-a)

an associate in crime — un complice

2) (of society) membro m.; (of academic body) (professore) associato m.

3) AE univ. = diploma universitario
II 1. [ə'səʊʃɪeɪt]
verbo transitivo

1) associare, collegare [idea, memory] ( with a)

2) (be involved in)

to be associated with — [ person] fare parte di [movement, group]; spreg. essere immischiato in [ shady business]
2.
verbo intransitivo

to associate with sb. — frequentare qcn

English-Italian dictionary > associate
10 presentation

[ˌprezən'teɪʃn]
nome

1) (of plan, report, bill) presentazione f.

2) (by salesman, colleague, executive) presentazione f., relazione f.

3) (of gift, award) consegna f.

the chairman will make the presentation — il presidente consegnerà il premio

4) (portrayal) rappresentazione f. (anche teatr.)

5) med. (of baby) presentazione f.

* * *

[pre-]

noun

1) (the act of presenting: the presentation of the prizes; the presentation of a new play; ( also adjective) a presentation ceremony; a presentation gold watch.) presentazione

2) (the manner in which written work etc is presented or set out: Try to improve the presentation of your work.) presentazione

3) (a performance, or set of repeated performances, of a play, opera etc: This is the best presentation of `Macbeth' that I've ever seen.) rappresentazione

* * *
[ˌprezən'teɪʃn]
nome

1) (of plan, report, bill) presentazione f.

2) (by salesman, colleague, executive) presentazione f., relazione f.

3) (of gift, award) consegna f.

the chairman will make the presentation — il presidente consegnerà il premio

4) (portrayal) rappresentazione f. (anche teatr.)

5) med. (of baby) presentazione f.

English-Italian dictionary > presentation
11 Gabor, Dennis (Dénes)

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 5 June 1900 Budapest, Hungary

d. 9 February 1979 London, England

[br]

Hungarian (naturalized British) physicist, inventor of holography.

[br]

Gabor became interested in physics at an early age. Called up for military service in 1918, he was soon released when the First World War came to an end. He then began a mechanical engineering course at the Budapest Technical University, but a further order to register for military service prompted him to flee in 1920 to Germany, where he completed his studies at Berlin Technical University. He was awarded a Diploma in Engineering in 1924 and a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering in 1927. He then went on to work in the physics laboratory of Siemens \& Halske. He returned to Hungary in 1933 and developed a new kind of fluorescent lamp called the plasma lamp. Failing to find a market for this device, Gabor made the decision to abandon his homeland and emigrate to England. There he joined British Thompson-Houston (BTH) in 1934 and married a colleague from the company in 1936. Gabor was also unsuccessful in his attempts to develop the plasma lamp in England, and by 1937 he had begun to work in the field of electron optics. His work was interrupted by the outbreak of war in 1939, although as he was not yet a British subject he was barred from making any significant contribution to the British war effort. It was only when the war was near its end that he was able to return to electron optics and begin the work that led to the invention of holography. The theory was developed during 1947 and 1948; Gabor went on to demonstrate that the theories worked, although it was not until the invention of the laser in 1960 that the full potential of his invention could be appreciated. He coined the term "hologram" from the Greek holos, meaning complete, and gram, meaning written. The three-dimensional images have since found many applications in various fields, including map making, medical imaging, computing, information technology, art and advertising. Gabor left BTH to become an associate professor at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1949, a position he held until his retirement in 1967. In 1971 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on holography.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Royal Society Rumford Medal 1968. Franklin Institute Michelson Medal 1968. CBE 1970. Nobel Prize for Physics 1971.

Bibliography

1948. "A new microscopic principle", Nature 161:777 (Gabor's earliest publication on holography).

1949. "Microscopy by reconstructed wavefronts", Proceedings of the Royal Society A197: 454–87.

1951, "Microscopy by reconstructed wavefronts II", Proc. Phys. Soc. B, 64:449–69. 1966, "Holography or the “Whole Picture”", New Scientist 29:74–8 (an interesting account written after laser beams were used to produce optical holograms).

Further Reading

T.E.Allibone, 1980, contribution to Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 26: 107–47 (a full account of Gabor's life and work).

JW

Biographical history of technology > Gabor, Dennis (Dénes)
12 associate

1. ə'səusieit verb
1) (to connect in the mind: He always associated the smell of tobacco with his father.) asociar

2) ((usually with with) to join (with someone) in friendship or work: They don't usually associate (with each other) after office hours.) encontrarse, relacionarse

2. -et adjective
1) (having a lower position or rank: an associate professor.) adjunto

2) (joined or connected: associate organizations.) asociado

3. noun
(a colleague or partner; a companion.) socio

- association
- in association with

associate¹ n socio

business associates socios comerciales

associate² vb

1. asociar / relacionar

we associate summer with holidays asociamos el verano con las vacaciones

2. relacionarse

I don't associate with criminals no me relaciono con delincuentes

El gerundio de associate se escribe associating

associate

tr[ (adj-n) ə'səʊʃɪət; (vb) ə'səʊʃɪeɪt]

adjective

1 (company) asociado,-a

2 (member) correspondiente

noun

1 (partner) socio,-a

transitive verb

1 asociar

intransitive verb

1 relacionarse ( with, con)

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be associated with something tener que ver con algo, estar relacionado,-a con algo

associate member miembro correspondiente

associate [ə'so:ʃi.eɪt, -si-] v, - ated ; - ating vt

1) connect, relate: asociar, relacionar

2)

to be associated with : estar relacionado con, estar vinculado a

associate vi

to associate with : relacionarse con, frecuentar

associate [ə'so:ʃiət, -siət] n

: asociado m, -da f; colega mf; socio m, -cia f

associate

adj.

• asociado, -a adj.

n.

• asociado s.m.

• compañero, -era s.m.,f.

• socio s.m.

v.

• asociar v.

I
1. ə'səʊʃieɪt, -sieɪt
transitive verb

a) (involve, connect) (usu pass) vincular

he refused to be associated with the scheme — no quiso tener nada que ver con el asunto

b) ( link in mind) asociar, relacionar

2.

vi

to associate (with somebody) — relacionarse (con alguien)

II ə'səʊʃiət, -siət
noun

a) (in business, profession) colega mf

a business associate — un asociado (or socio etc)

b) ( member of professional body) colegiado, -da m,f

III ə'səʊʃiət, -siət
adjective (before n) < member> no numerario; <editor/professor> (AmE) adjunto

1.

ADJ [ǝ'sǝʊʃɪɪt]
[company] asociado
2.

N [ǝ'sǝʊʃɪɪt]
(=colleague) colega mf ; (in crime) cómplice mf ; (also: associate member) [of society] miembro mf no numerario(-a); [of professional body] colegiado(-a) m / f ; [of learned body] miembro mf correspondiente
Fred Bloggs and Associates — Fred Bloggs y Asociados

3. VT
[ǝ'sǝuʃɪeɪt]
1) (mentally) [+ ideas, things, people] asociar, relacionar

to associate one thing with another — asociar or relacionar una cosa con otra

I always associate you with Barcelona — siempre te asocio or relaciono con Barcelona

2) (=affiliate, connect) vincular, asociar

to be associated with sth/sb: high blood pressure is associated with heart disease — se vincula or asocia la tensión alta con las enfermedades coronarias

he was associated with the communist party — estaba vinculado or asociado con el partido comunista

it is a privilege to be associated with her — es un privilegio estar relacionado con ella

I don't wish to be associated or to associate myself with it/him — no quiero tener nada que ver con ello/él

4.

VI [ǝ'sǝuʃɪeɪt]

to associate with sb — relacionarse con algn, tratar con algn

5.

CPD [ǝ'sǝʊʃɪɪt]

associate degree N — (US) licenciatura f

associate director N — subdirector(a) m / f, director(a) m / f adjunto(-a)

associate judge N — juez mf asesor(a)

Associate Justice N — (US) juez mf asociado(-a)

associate member N — [of society] miembro mf no numerario(-a); [of professional body] colegiado(-a) m / f ; [of learned body] miembro mf correspondiente

associate producer N — (TV, Cine) productor(a) m / f asociado(-a)

associate professor N — (US) profesor(a) m / f adjunto(-a)

associate's degree N (US) — = associate degree

* * *

I
1. [ə'səʊʃieɪt, -sieɪt]
transitive verb

a) (involve, connect) (usu pass) vincular

he refused to be associated with the scheme — no quiso tener nada que ver con el asunto

b) ( link in mind) asociar, relacionar

2.

vi

to associate (with somebody) — relacionarse (con alguien)

II [ə'səʊʃiət, -siət]
noun

a) (in business, profession) colega mf

a business associate — un asociado (or socio etc)

b) ( member of professional body) colegiado, -da m,f

III [ə'səʊʃiət, -siət]
adjective (before n) < member> no numerario; <editor/professor> (AmE) adjunto

English-spanish dictionary > associate
13 sound

I
adjective
1) (strong or in good condition: The foundations of the house are not very sound; He's 87, but he's still sound in mind and body.) sano, sólido, firme

2) ((of sleep) deep: She's a very sound sleeper.) profundo

3) (full; thorough: a sound basic training.) completo, severo

4) (accurate; free from mistakes: a sound piece of work.) bueno, sólido

5) (having or showing good judgement or good sense: His advice is always very sound.) juicioso, sensato, acertado, consistente

•

- soundly
- soundness
- sound asleep
II
1. noun
1) (the impressions transmitted to the brain by the sense of hearing: a barrage of sound; (also adjective) sound waves.) sonido

2) (something that is, or can be, heard: The sounds were coming from the garage.) ruido, sonido, voces

3) (the impression created in the mind by a piece of news, a description etc: I didn't like the sound of her hairstyle at all!) idea

2. verb
1) (to (cause something to) make a sound: Sound the bell!; The bell sounded.) tocar, hacer sonar

2) (to signal (something) by making a sound: Sound the alarm!) sonar, resonar

3) ((of something heard or read) to make a particular impression; to seem; to appear: Your singing sounded very good; That sounds like a train.) sonar, parecer

4) (to pronounce: In the word `pneumonia', the letter p is not sounded.) pronunciar(se)

5) (to examine by tapping and listening carefully: She sounded the patient's chest.) auscultar

•

- soundless
- soundlessly
- sound effects
- soundproof
3. verb
(to make (walls, a room etc) soundproof.) insonorizar

- sound-track

III
verb
(to measure the depth of (water etc).) sondar

- sounding
- sound out

sound¹ adj sólido / bueno / fuerte / seguro

a sound investment una inversión segura

to be sound asleep estar profundamente dormido

sound² n

1. sonido

faster than the speed of sound más rápido que la velocidad del sonido

2. ruido

we heard a strange sound oímos un ruido extraño

3. volumen

can you turn the sound up? ¿puedes subir el volumen?

sound³ vb

1. parecer

from what he says it sounds like a wonderful hotel por lo que dice, parece un hotel maravilloso

2. sonar

if the alarm sounds, leave the building si suena la alarma, abandona el edificio

sound

tr[saʊnd]

adjective

1 (healthy) sano,-a

■ of sound mind en su sano juicio, en pleno uso de sus facultades

■ safe and sound sano,-a y salvo,-a

2 (solid) sólido,-a, firme; (in good condition) en buen estado

3 (sensible) sensato,-a, acertado,-a; (valid) sólido,-a, lógico,-a, razonable; (responsible) responsable, formal, de fiar; (reliable, safe) seguro,-a

■ a sound piece of advice un bueno consejo

■ he's got a sound grasp of Italian domina el italiano

■ her knowledge of modern history is sound sus conocimientos de historia moderna son sólidos

■ a sound investment una inversión segura

4 (thorough) completo,-a; (severe) severo,-a

■ a sound training una formación sólida

■ a sound examination un examen a fondo

■ a sound beating una buena paliza

5 (of sleep) profundo,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be as sound as a bell (person) estar sano,-a 2 (thing) estar en perfectas condiciones, estar en perfecto estado

to be sound asleep estar profundamente dormido,-a

————————

sound

tr[saʊnd]

noun

1 SMALLGEOGRAPHY/SMALL estrecho, brazo de mar

————————

sound

tr[saʊnd]

noun

1 (gen) sonido; (musical) sonido, son nombre masculino; (noise) ruido

■ I heard the sound of voices oí (unas) voces

■ the sound of the guitar el son de la guitarra

■ the sound was so bad we couldn't hear the singer el sonido era tan malo que no oímos al cantante

■ without a sound sin hacer ruido

■ the speed of sound la velocidad del sonido

■ I was born within the sound of Bow bells desde donde nací se oyen las campanas de la iglesia de Bow

2 SMALLTELEVISION/SMALL (volume) volumen nombre masculino

■ turn the sound up/down sube/baja el volumen

3 (impression, idea) idea

■ I don't like the sound of this esto se está poniendo feo, esto me da mala espina

■ I quite like the sound of that podría estar bien

■ by/from the sound of it, he's getting on fine por lo visto las cosas le van bien

transitive verb

1 (bell, horn, trumpet) tocar, hacer sonar; (alarm) dar (la señal de); (retreat) tocar

2 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL pronunciar

intransitive verb

1 (bell, horn, alarm, etc) sonar, resonar

2 (seem) parecer; (give impression) sonar

■ how does that sound? ¿qué te parece eso?

■ it sounds lovely me parece estupendo

■ it sounds as if she knows what she's doing parece que sabe lo que hace

■ you sound like you've got a cold parece que estés resfriado

■ you sound different tu voz suena distinta

■ he sounds just like my brother es igual que mi hermano

■ does this sentence sound right to you? ¿te suena bien esta frase?

■ it sounds like Mozart (me) suena a Mozart

■ it sounds like a lie me huele a mentira

3 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL pronunciarse, sonar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

sound barrier barrera del sonido

sound card tarjeta de sonido

sound check prueba de sonido

sound effects efectos nombre masculino plural sonoros

sound engineer ingeniero,-a de sonido

sound wave onda sonora

————————

sound

tr[saʊnd]

transitive verb

1 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL sondar

2 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL (gen) sondar; (chest) auscultar

noun

1 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL sonda

sound ['saʊnd] vt

1) : sondar (en navegación)

2) or to sound out probe: sondear

3) : hacer sonar, tocar (una trompeta, etc.)

sound vi

1) : sonar

the alarm sounded: la alarma sonó

2) seem: parecer

sound adj

1) healthy: sano

safe and sound: sano y salvo

of sound mind and body: en pleno uso de sus facultades

2) firm, solid: sólido

3) sensible: lógico, sensato

4) deep: profundo

a sound sleep: un sueño profundo

sound n

1) : sonido m

the speed of sound: la velocidad del sonido

2) noise: sonido m, ruido m

I heard a sound: oí un sonido

3) channel: brazo m de mar, canal m (ancho)

sound

adj.

• confiable adj.

• firme adj.

• ileso, -a adj.

• macizo, -a adj.

• razonable adj.

• sano, -a adj.

• sonido, -a adj.

• sólido, -a adj.

n.

• ruido s.m.

• son s.m.

• sonda s.f.

• sonido s.m.

• tañido s.m.

• toque s.m.

v.

• fondear v.

• hondear v.

• sonar v.

• sondear v.

• tocar v.

I saʊnd
1) noun

Sense I

2) u c

a) ( noise) sonido m; (unpleasant, disturbing) ruido m

we heard the sound of footsteps — oímos (unos) pasos

don't make a sound! — no hagas ni el menor ruido!

there wasn't a sound to be heard — no se oía absolutamente nada

he woke up to the sound of birds singing — se despertó con el canto de los pájaros

b) (of music, instrument) sonido m

c) ( Ling) sonido m

a vowel sound — un sonido vocálico

3) u

a) ( Phys) sonido m; (before n)

the sound barrier — la barrera del sonido

a sound wave — una onda sonora

b) (Audio, Rad, TV) sonido m

turn the sound up/down — sube/baja el volumen; (before n)

sound effects — efectos mpl sonoros

4) ( impression conveyed) (colloq) (no pl)

I don't like the sound of that at all — eso no me huele nada bien

by o from the sound of it, everything's going very well — parece que or por lo visto todo marcha muy bien

Sense II

5) c

a) ( channel) paso m, estrecho m

b) ( inlet) brazo m

II
1.

intransitive verb

1)

a) ( give impression) sonar*

your voice sounds o you sound different on the phone — tu voz suena distinta por teléfono

you sound as if o as though you could do with a rest — me da la impresión de que no te vendría mal un descanso

it sounds as if o as though they're here now — (por el ruido) parece que ya están aquí

that sounds like Susan now — ésa debe (de) ser Susan

b) ( seem) parecer*

we'll leave at ten; how does that sound to you? — saldremos a las diez ¿qué te parece?

it sounds as if o as though you had a great time — parece que lo pasaste fenomenal

sounds like fun! — (colloq) qué divertido!

2) (make noise, resound) \<\<bell/alarm\>\> sonar*

2.

vt

1)

a) \<\<trumpet/horn\>\> tocar*, hacer* sonar

the chairman sounded a note of warning in his speech — en su discurso, el presidente llamó a la cautela

b) ( articulate) \<\<letter/consonant\>\> pronunciar

2) sound out

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- sound off

- sound out

III

adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( healthy) sano

safe and sound — sano y salvo

I, Peter Smith, being of sound mind... — (frml) yo, Peter Smith, (estando) en pleno uso de mis facultades... (frml)

b) ( in good condition) <basis/foundation> sólido, firme; < timber> en buenas condiciones

2)

a) ( valid) <reasoning/knowledge> sólido; <advice/decision> sensato

b) ( reliable) <colleague/staff> responsable, formal

3)

a) ( deep) < sleep> profundo

b) (hard, thorough)

a sound spanking — una buena paliza

IV

adverb -er, -est

sound asleep — profundamente dormido

I [saʊnd]
1. N

1) (Phys) sonido m

the speed of sound — la velocidad del sonido

2) (=noise) ruido m

the sound of footsteps — el ruido de pasos

the sound of breaking glass — el ruido de cristales que se rompen/rompían

• consonant sounds — consonantes fpl, sonidos mpl consonánticos

• I didn't hear a sound — no oí ni un ruido

• don't make a sound! — ¡no hagas el menor ruido!

• not a sound was to be heard — no se oía or (esp LAm) sentía ruido alguno

• to the sound of the national anthem — al son del himno nacional

• they were within sound of the camp — el campamento estaba al alcance del oído

• he opened the door without a sound — abrió la puerta sin hacer nada de ruido

3) (=volume) volumen m

can I turn the sound down? — ¿puedo bajar el volumen?

4) (=musical style)

the Glenn Miller sound — la música de Glenn Miller

5) (fig) (=impression)

• by the sound of it — según parece

• I don't like the sound of it — (film etc) por lo que he oído, no me gusta nada; (situation) me preocupa, me da mala espina

2. VT

1) [+ horn, trumpet] tocar, hacer sonar; [+ bell] tocar; [+ alarm, warning] dar; [+ praises] cantar, entonar

• to sound the charge — (Mil) tocar la carga

• sound your horn! — (Aut) ¡toca el claxon!

• to sound a note of warning — (fig) dar la señal de alarma

• to sound the retreat — (Mil) tocar la retirada

2) (=pronounce) pronunciar

sound your "r"s more — pronuncia más claro la "r"

to sound the "d" in "hablado" — pronunciar la "d" en "hablado"

3. VI

1) (=emit sound) sonar

the bell sounded — sonó el timbre

a cannon sounded a long way off — se oyó un cañón a lo lejos, sonó or resonó un cañón a lo lejos

2) (=appear to be)

a) (from aural clues) sonar

it sounds hollow — suena a hueco

he sounds Italian to me — por la voz, diría que es italiano

he sounded angry — parecía enfadado

• it sounds like French — suena a francés

that sounds like them arriving now — parece que llegan ahora

b) (from available information) sonar, parecer

it sounds very odd — suena muy raro

that sounds interesting — eso suena interesante

• it sounds as if or as though she won't be coming — parece que no va a venir

• how does it sound to you? — ¿qué te parece?

• that sounds like a good idea — eso parece buena idea

she sounds like a nice girl — parece una chica simpática

4.

CPD

sound archive N — archivo m de sonido

sound barrier N — barrera f del sonido

sound bite N — cita f jugosa

sound card N — (Comput) tarjeta f de sonido

sound effect N — efecto m sonoro

sound engineer N — ingeniero(-a) m / f de sonido

sound file N — (Comput) fichero m de sonido

sound law N — ley f fonética

sound library N — fonoteca f

sound mixer N — (=engineer) ingeniero(-a) m / f de sonido

sound recording N — grabación f sonora

sound recordist N — (TV) registrador(a) m / f de sonido

sound shift N — cambio m de pronunciación

sound system N — (Ling) sistema m fonológico; (=hi-fi) cadena f de sonido

sound truck N — (US) furgón m publicitario

sound wave N — (Phys) onda f sonora

- sound off

II

[saʊnd]
VT
1) (Naut) sondar

2) (Med) [+ chest] auscultar; [+ cavity, passage] sondar

to sound sb's chest — auscultar el pecho a algn

- sound out

III [saʊnd]
1. ADJ
(compar sounder) (superl soundest)
1) (=in good condition) sano; [constitution] robusto; [structure] sólido, firme

to be sound in mind and body — ser sano de cuerpo y de espíritu

in sound condition — en buenas condiciones

to be of sound mind — estar en su cabal juicio

- be as sound as a bell
safe 1., 1)
2) (=well-founded) [argument] bien fundado, sólido; [ideas, opinions] válido, razonable; [investment] bueno, seguro; [training] sólido; [decision, choice] acertado

his reasoning is perfectly sound — su argumentación es perfectamente válida

she gave me some sound advice — me dio un buen consejo

he's sound enough on the theory — tiene una preparación sólida en cuanto a la teoría

3) (=dependable) [person] formal, digno de confianza

he's a very sound man — es un hombre formal or digno de confianza

he's a sound worker — es buen trabajador, trabaja con seriedad

4) (=thorough)

to give sb a sound beating — dar a algn una buena paliza

5) (=deep, untroubled) [sleep] profundo

2.

ADV

to be sound asleep — estar profundamente dormido

I shall sleep the sounder for it — por eso dormiré más tranquilamente

IV

[saʊnd]
N (Geog) estrecho m, brazo m de mar
* * *

I [saʊnd]
1) noun

Sense I

2) u c

a) ( noise) sonido m; (unpleasant, disturbing) ruido m

we heard the sound of footsteps — oímos (unos) pasos

don't make a sound! — no hagas ni el menor ruido!

there wasn't a sound to be heard — no se oía absolutamente nada

he woke up to the sound of birds singing — se despertó con el canto de los pájaros

b) (of music, instrument) sonido m

c) ( Ling) sonido m

a vowel sound — un sonido vocálico

3) u

a) ( Phys) sonido m; (before n)

the sound barrier — la barrera del sonido

a sound wave — una onda sonora

b) (Audio, Rad, TV) sonido m

turn the sound up/down — sube/baja el volumen; (before n)

sound effects — efectos mpl sonoros

4) ( impression conveyed) (colloq) (no pl)

I don't like the sound of that at all — eso no me huele nada bien

by o from the sound of it, everything's going very well — parece que or por lo visto todo marcha muy bien

Sense II

5) c

a) ( channel) paso m, estrecho m

b) ( inlet) brazo m

II
1.

intransitive verb

1)

a) ( give impression) sonar*

your voice sounds o you sound different on the phone — tu voz suena distinta por teléfono

you sound as if o as though you could do with a rest — me da la impresión de que no te vendría mal un descanso

it sounds as if o as though they're here now — (por el ruido) parece que ya están aquí

that sounds like Susan now — ésa debe (de) ser Susan

b) ( seem) parecer*

we'll leave at ten; how does that sound to you? — saldremos a las diez ¿qué te parece?

it sounds as if o as though you had a great time — parece que lo pasaste fenomenal

sounds like fun! — (colloq) qué divertido!

2) (make noise, resound) \<\<bell/alarm\>\> sonar*

2.

vt

1)

a) \<\<trumpet/horn\>\> tocar*, hacer* sonar

the chairman sounded a note of warning in his speech — en su discurso, el presidente llamó a la cautela

b) ( articulate) \<\<letter/consonant\>\> pronunciar

2) sound out

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- sound off

- sound out

III

adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( healthy) sano

safe and sound — sano y salvo

I, Peter Smith, being of sound mind... — (frml) yo, Peter Smith, (estando) en pleno uso de mis facultades... (frml)

b) ( in good condition) <basis/foundation> sólido, firme; < timber> en buenas condiciones

2)

a) ( valid) <reasoning/knowledge> sólido; <advice/decision> sensato

b) ( reliable) <colleague/staff> responsable, formal

3)

a) ( deep) < sleep> profundo

b) (hard, thorough)

a sound spanking — una buena paliza

IV

adverb -er, -est

sound asleep — profundamente dormido

English-spanish dictionary > sound
14 tackle

'tækl
1. noun
1) (an act of tackling: a rugby tackle.) placaje

2) (equipment, especially for fishing: fishing tackle.) equipo, aparejos

3) (ropes, pulleys etc for lifting heavy weights: lifting tackle.) jarcia, polea, aparejo

4) (in sailing, the ropes, rigging etc of a boat.) jarcia, cordaje

2. verb
1) (to try to grasp or seize (someone): The policeman tackled the thief.) agarrar, asir

2) (to deal with or try to solve (a problem); to ask (someone) about a problem: He tackled the problem; She tackled the teacher about her child's work.) abordar; hablar con

3) (in football, hockey etc, to (try to) take the ball etc from (a player in the other team): He tackled his opponent.) entrar (a); placar

tackle¹ n entrada

he was carried off after a bad tackle después de una entrada fuerte tuvo que abandonar el campo

tackle² vb

1. abordar / hacer frente

I don't know how to tackle the problem no sé cómo abordar el problema

2. hacer una entrada

he tackled the forward le hizo una entrada al delantero

El gerundio de tackle se escribe tackling

tackle

tr['tækəl]

noun

1 (equipment) equipo, avíos nombre masculino plural, aparejos nombre masculino plural

2 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL polea, aparejo

3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (football) entrada; (rugby) placaje nombre masculino

transitive verb

1 (deal with - problem) abordar, encarar; (- task) emprender; (person) hablar con

2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (football) entrarle a; (rugby) placar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to tackle somebody about/on something plantarle a alguien algo

tackle ['tækəl] vt, - led ; - ling

1) : taclear (en futbol americano)

2) confront: abordar, enfrentar, emprender (un problema, un trabajo, etc.)

tackle n

1) equipment, gear: equipo m, aparejo m

2) : aparejo m (de un buque)

3) : tacleada f (en futbol americano)

tackle

n.

• aparejo s.m.

• atajador s.m.

• atajo s.m.

• avíos s.m.

• enseres s.m.pl.

• jarcia s.f.

• polea s.f. (A problem, etc.)

v.

• abordar v.

v.

• agarrar v.

• atajar v.

• emprender v.

• forcejear v.

'tækəl
I

noun

1) u ( equipment)

sports tackle — equipo m de deporte

fishing tackle — aparejo m or avíos mpl de pesca

2) c ( Sport) (in rugby, US football) placaje m, tacle m (AmL); ( in soccer) entrada f fuerte

3) u ( Naut) aparejo m, polea f

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) ( come to grips with) \<\<problem\>\> enfrentar, abordar, tratar de resolver; \<\<subject\>\> tratar; \<\<task\>\> abordar, emprender

are you ready to tackle the garden now? — ¿estás listo para emprenderla con or atacar el jardín?

b) ( confront) \<\<intruder/colleague\>\> enfrentar, enfrentarse con

it's high time you tackled him about the rent — ya es hora de que le plantees cara a cara lo del alquiler

2) ( Sport) (in rugby, US football) placar*, taclear (AmL); ( in soccer) entrarle a

2.

vi ( Sport) placar*, taclear (AmL)

['tækl]
1. N

1) (=lifting gear) aparejo m, polea f ; (=ropes) jarcia f, cordaje m

2) (=equipment) equipo m, avíos mpl ; (fig) (=bits and pieces) cosas fpl, trastos mpl ; (also: fishing tackle) equipo m de pesca

3) (Ftbl) entrada f ; (Rugby) placaje m

flying tackle — placaje m en el aire

2. VT

1) (=attempt to deal with) [+ problem] abordar, enfrentar; [+ task] enfrentar, emprender

firemen tackled the blaze — los bomberos lucharon contra las llamas

can you tackle another helping? — ¿quieres comerte otra porción?

he tackled Greek on his own — emprendió el estudio del griego sin ayuda de nadie

2) (=grapple with) [+ thief, intruder] enfrentarse con; (fig) (=confront) encararse con

I'll have to tackle him about that money he owes me — voy a tener que encararme con él y plantearle lo del dinero que me debe

3) (Ftbl) entrar a; (Rugby) placar, taclear

3.

VI (Sport) placar, taclear

* * *
['tækəl]
I

noun

1) u ( equipment)

sports tackle — equipo m de deporte

fishing tackle — aparejo m or avíos mpl de pesca

2) c ( Sport) (in rugby, US football) placaje m, tacle m (AmL); ( in soccer) entrada f fuerte

3) u ( Naut) aparejo m, polea f

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) ( come to grips with) \<\<problem\>\> enfrentar, abordar, tratar de resolver; \<\<subject\>\> tratar; \<\<task\>\> abordar, emprender

are you ready to tackle the garden now? — ¿estás listo para emprenderla con or atacar el jardín?

b) ( confront) \<\<intruder/colleague\>\> enfrentar, enfrentarse con

it's high time you tackled him about the rent — ya es hora de que le plantees cara a cara lo del alquiler

2) ( Sport) (in rugby, US football) placar*, taclear (AmL); ( in soccer) entrarle a

2.

vi ( Sport) placar*, taclear (AmL)

English-spanish dictionary > tackle
15 value

'vælju:
1. noun
1) (worth, importance or usefulness: His special knowledge was of great value during the war; She sets little value on wealth.) valor, importancia

2) (price: What is the value of that stamp?) valor

3) (purchasing power: Are those coins of any value?) valor

4) (fairness of exchange (for one's money etc): You get good value for money at this supermarket!) precio, valor

5) (the length of a musical note.) valor

2. verb
1) (to suggest a suitable price for: This painting has been valued at $50,000.) valorar, tasar

2) (to regard as good or important: He values your advice very highly.) valorar

•

- valuable
- valuables
- valued
- valueless
- values
- value-added tax

value¹ n valor

a painting of great value un cuadro de gran valor

value² vb

1. valorar / tasar

the house is valued at £75,000 la casa está valorada en 75.000 libras

2. valorar / apreciar

we value your friendship valoramos tu amistad

El gerundio de value se escribe valuing

value

tr['væljʊː]

noun

1 valor nombre masculino

transitive verb

1 (estimate value of) valorar, tasar

2 (appreciate) valorar, apreciar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

it's good value for money bien vale lo que cuesta

of great/little value de gran/poco valor

of no value sin valor

to get good value for money sacarle jugo al dinero

to the value of... por el valor de...

value added tax impuesto sobre el valor añadido

value judgment juicio de valor

value ['væl.ju:] vt, - ued ; - uing

1) appraise: valorar, avaluar, tasar

2) appreciate: valorar, apreciar

value n

1) : valor m

of little value: de poco valor

to be a good value: estar bien de precio, tener buen precio

at face value: en su sentido literal

2) values npl

: valores mpl (morales), principios mpl

value

v.

• apreciar v.

• estimar v.

• tallar v.

• tasar v.

• tener en mucho v.

• valorar v.

• valuar v.

n.

• entidad s.f.

• importe s.m.

• mérito s.m.

• precio s.m.

• valer s.m.

• valimiento s.m.

• valor (Matemática) s.m.

• valor (Precio) s.m.

• valía s.f.

I 'væljuː
noun

1) u c ( worth) valor m

to gain o increase (in) value — aumentar de valor, revalorizarse*

to lose (in) value — depreciarse

books to the value of $500 — libros por valor de 500 dólares

have you anything of value in your bag? — ¿lleva algo de valor en el bolso?

value for money — una buena relación calidad-precio

that's good value (for money) — está muy bien de precio

they place a very high value on loyalty — valoran mucho la lealtad

nutritional value — valor nutritivo

2) values pl ( standards) valores mpl

II

transitive verb

a) ( Fin) \<\<assets/property\>\> tasar, valorar, avaluar* (AmL)

to value something AT something — tasar (or valorar etc) algo en algo

b) ( regard highly) \<\<friendship/advice\>\> valorar, apreciar; \<\<freedom/privacy\>\> valorar

c) valued past p <friend/colleague> apreciado, estimado

['væljuː]
1. N

1) (monetary) valor m

property/land values — valores mpl de propiedad/tierras

• it's good value — sale a cuenta, está bien de precio

Spanish wines are still the best value — los vinos españoles todavía son los que más salen a cuenta or los que mejor están de precio

• to go down or decrease in value — bajar de valor, depreciarse

to go up or increase in value — subir de valor, revalorizarse

a rise/drop in the value of the pound — una subida/bajada del valor de la libra

• market value — valor m en el mercado

• the company offers good service and value for money — la compañía ofrece un buen servicio a buen precio

• it might contain something of value — puede que contenga algo de valor

• you can't put or set a value on it — (lit, fig) no se le puede poner precio

• surplus value — plusvalía f

• goods to the value of £100 — bienes por valor de 100 libras
book 4., cash 3., face 4.
2) (=merit) valor m

literary/artistic/scientific value — valor m literario/artístico/científico

his visit to the country will have huge symbolic value — su visita al país tendrá un gran valor simbólico

• to attach a great deal of value to sth — conceder gran valor or importancia a algo, valorar mucho algo

to attach no value to sth — no dar importancia a algo, no valorar algo

• something of value — algo valioso or de valor

to be of value (to sb) — ser útil or de utilidad (para algn), servir (a algn)

strategically, the city was of little value to the British — desde el punto de vista estratégico, la ciudad era de poca utilidad or tenía poco valor para los británicos

her education has been of no value to her — su educación no le ha servido de or para nada

• to put or place or set a high value on sth — valorar mucho algo

• sentimental value — valor m sentimental
novelty
3) (moral)
values valores mpl (morales)
family values — valores mpl de familia

4) (Math, Mus, Gram) valor m

what is the value of x when y is 5? — ¿qué valor tiene x cuando y es igual a 5?

2. VT

1) (=estimate worth of) [+ property, jewellery, painting] valorar, tasar

• to value sth at £200 — valorar or tasar algo en 200 libras

• I had to have my jewellery valued for insurance purposes — tuve que valorar or tasar mis joyas para poder asegurarlas

2) (=appreciate) [+ health, life, independence,] valorar; [+ sb's work, opinion, friendship] valorar, apreciar

3.

CPD

value judgment N — juicio m de valor

value system N — sistema m de valores, escala f de valores

* * *

I ['væljuː]
noun

1) u c ( worth) valor m

to gain o increase (in) value — aumentar de valor, revalorizarse*

to lose (in) value — depreciarse

books to the value of $500 — libros por valor de 500 dólares

have you anything of value in your bag? — ¿lleva algo de valor en el bolso?

value for money — una buena relación calidad-precio

that's good value (for money) — está muy bien de precio

they place a very high value on loyalty — valoran mucho la lealtad

nutritional value — valor nutritivo

2) values pl ( standards) valores mpl

II

transitive verb

a) ( Fin) \<\<assets/property\>\> tasar, valorar, avaluar* (AmL)

to value something AT something — tasar (or valorar etc) algo en algo

b) ( regard highly) \<\<friendship/advice\>\> valorar, apreciar; \<\<freedom/privacy\>\> valorar

c) valued past p <friend/colleague> apreciado, estimado

English-spanish dictionary > value
16 whose

hu:z
1. adjective, pronoun
(belonging to which person(?): Whose is this jacket?; Whose (jacket) is this?; Whose car did you come back in?; In whose house did this incident happen?; Tell me whose (pens) these are.) de quién/quiénes

2. relative adjective, relative pronoun
(of whom or which (the): Show me the boy whose father is a policeman; What is the name of the man whose this book is?)

whose¹ adj de quién

whose car is this? ¿de quién es este coche?

whose² pron cuyo

the woman whose car was stolen la mujer cuyo coche fue robado

whose

tr[hʊːz]

pronoun

1 (direct questions) de quién/quiénes

■ whose is this? ¿de quién es esto?

2 (indirect questions) de quién/quiénes

■ I don't know whose it is no sé de quién es

adjective

1 (direct questions) de quién/quiénes

■ whose dog is this? de quién es este perro?

■ whose fault is it? ¿quién tiene la culpa?

2 (indirect questions) de quién/quiénes

■ I wonder whose books these are me pregunto de quién serán estos libros

3 (relative) cuyo,-a, cuyos,-as

■ the woman whose car was stolen la mujer cuyo coche fue robado

■ that's the man whose wife is in hospital ese es el hombre cuya mujer está en el hospital

whose ['hu:z] adj

1) (used in questions) : de quién

whose truck is that?: ¿de quién es ese camión?

2) (used in relative clauses) : cuyo

the person whose work is finished: la persona cuyo trabajo está terminado

whose pron

: de quién

tell me whose it was: dime de quién era

whose

pron.

• cuyo pron.

• de quien pron.

• de quién pron.

I huːz
pronoun (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiénes

whose is this? — ¿de quién es esto?

whose are these? — ¿de quién/de quiénes son éstos?

II

adjective

a) (in questions, indirect questions) (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiénes

whose book is this? — ¿de quién es este libro?

whose keys are these? — ¿de quién son estas llaves?

whose coats are those? — ¿de quiénes son esos abrigos?

do you know whose house that is? — ¿sabes de quién es esa casa?

b) ( as relative) (sing) cuyo; (pl) cuyos

the man whose job I took over — el hombre cuyo puesto ocupé

a colleague whose children go to that school — un colega cuyos hijos van a ese colegio

[huːz]
1.

PRON (in direct and indirect questions) de quién

whose is this? — ¿de quién es esto?

whose are these? — (1 owner expected) ¿de quién son estos?; (2 or more owners expected) ¿de quiénes son estos?

I don't know whose it is — no sé de quién es

2. ADJ

1) (in direct and indirect questions) de quién

whose purse is this? — ¿de quién es este monedero?

whose cars are these? — (1 owner expected) ¿de quién son estos coches?; (2 or more owners expected) ¿de quiénes son estos coches?

whose fault was it? — ¿quién tuvo la culpa?

whose car did you go in? — ¿en qué coche fuiste?

do you know whose hat this is? — ¿sabes de quién es este sombrero?

I don't know whose watch this is — no sé de quién es este reloj

2) (relative) cuyo

those whose passports I have — aquellas personas cuyos pasaportes tengo, or de las que tengo pasaportes

the man whose hat I took — el hombre cuyo sombrero tomé

the man whose seat I sat in — el hombre en cuya silla me senté

the cup whose handle you broke — la taza a la que le rompiste el asa
WHOSE
In direct and indirect questions
► Whose in direct questions as well as after report verbs and expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé) translates as de quién/de quiénes, {never} cuyo:
Whose coat is this? ¿De quién es este abrigo?
He asked us whose coats they were Nos preguntó de quiénes eran los abrigos
I don't know whose umbrella this is No sé de quién es este paraguas
As a relative
► In relative clauses whose can be translated by cuyo/cuya/cuyos/ cuyas and must agree with the following noun:
The man whose daughter is a friend of Emily's works for the Government El señor cuya hija es amiga de Emily trabaja para el Gobierno
... the house whose roof collapsed...... la casa cuyo tejado se hundió... When w hose refers to more than one noun, make cuyo agree with the first:
... a party whose policies and strategies are very extremist...... un partido cuya política y tácticas son muy extremistas... ► However, cuyo is not much used in spoken Spanish. Try using another structure instead:
... the house whose roof collapsed...... la casa a la que se le hundió el tejado...
My daughter, whose short story won a prize in the school competition, wants to be a journalist Mi hija, a quien premiaron por su relato en el concurso de la escuela, quiere ser periodista NOTE: There is no accent on q uien here, as it is a relative pronoun. For further uses and examples, see main entry
* * *

I [huːz]
pronoun (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiénes

whose is this? — ¿de quién es esto?

whose are these? — ¿de quién/de quiénes son éstos?

II

adjective

a) (in questions, indirect questions) (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiénes

whose book is this? — ¿de quién es este libro?

whose keys are these? — ¿de quién son estas llaves?

whose coats are those? — ¿de quiénes son esos abrigos?

do you know whose house that is? — ¿sabes de quién es esa casa?

b) ( as relative) (sing) cuyo; (pl) cuyos

the man whose job I took over — el hombre cuyo puesto ocupé

a colleague whose children go to that school — un colega cuyos hijos van a ese colegio

English-spanish dictionary > whose
17 cover

cover

A n

1 (protective lid, sheath) couverture f ; (for duvet, cushion, birdcage) housse f ; (for table, furniture) protection f ; (for umbrella, blade, knife) fourreau m ; (for typewriter, record player, pan, bowl) couvercle m ;

2 ( blanket) couverture f ;

3 (of book, magazine) couverture f ; ( of record) pochette f ; on the cover ( of book) sur la couverture ; ( of magazine) en couverture ; she's made the cover of ‘Time’ elle a fait la couverture de ‘Time’ ; from cover to cover de la première à la dernière page ;

4 ( shelter) abri m ; to provide cover servir d'abri (for à) ; to take cover se mettre à l'abri ; to run for cover courir se mettre à l'abri ; take cover! aux abris! ; to break cover quitter son abri ; under cover à l'abri ; under cover of darkness à la faveur de la nuit ; under cover of the confusion he escaped il a profité de la confusion pour s'évader ; open land with no cover terrain découvert sans abri possible ;

5 (for spy, agent, operation, crime) couverture f (for pour) ; that's her cover c'est sa couverture ; to work under cover travailler sous une identité d'emprunt ; under cover of sth sous le couvert de qch ; under cover of doing sous prétexte de faire ; to blow sb's cover ○ griller ○ qn ;

6 Mil couverture f ; air cover couverture aérienne ; to give sb cover couvrir qn ; I gave cover as he advanced je l'ai couvert tandis qu'il avançait ;

7 ( replacement) (for teacher, doctor) remplacement m ; to provide emergency cover parer aux urgences ;

8 GB Insur assurance f (for pour ; against contre) ; to give or provide cover against garantir contre ; she has cover for fire and theft elle est couverte contre l'incendie et le vol ;

9 Fin ( collateral) provision f ;

10 ( table setting) couvert m ;

11 Mus = cover version.

B modif [design, illustration, text] de couverture.

C vtr

1 ( to conceal or protect) couvrir [table, bed, pan, legs, wound] (with avec) ; recouvrir [cushion, sofa, corpse] (with de) ; boucher [hole] (with avec) ; we had the sofa covered on a fait recouvrir le canapé ; cover your mouth when you yawn mets la main devant la bouche quand tu bâilles ; cover one eye and read the chart cachez un œil et lisez le tableau ; to cover one's ears se boucher les oreilles ;

2 ( coat) [person, dust, snow, water, layer] recouvrir [ground, surface, person, cake] (with de) ; the ground was covered with snow, snow covered the ground le sol était recouvert de neige, la neige recouvrait le sol ; everything got covered with ou in sand tout a été recouvert de sable ; the animal is covered in scales l'animal est couvert d'écailles ; to cover one's face with cream s'enduire le visage de crème ; to be covered in glory être couvert de gloire ;

3 ( be strewn over) [litter, graffiti, blossom, bruises, scratches] couvrir ; the tree was covered with blossom, blossom covered the tree l'arbre était couvert de fleurs ; to cover sb's face with kisses couvrir le visage de qn de baisers ;

4 ( travel over) parcourir [distance, area] ; ( extend over) s'étendre sur [distance, area] ; we covered a lot of miles on holiday nous avons fait beaucoup de kilomètres pendant les vacances ;

5 (deal with, include) [article, book, speaker] traiter [subject, field] ; [word, term, item] englober [meaning, aspect] ; [teacher] faire [chapter] ; [rule, law] s'appliquer à [situation, person, organization] ; [department, office] s'occuper de [area, region, activity] ; [rep] couvrir [area] ; that price covers everything le prix comprend tout, tout est inclus dans le prix ; we will cover half the syllabus this term nous ferons or couvrirons la moitié du programme ce trimestre ;

6 ( report on) [journalist, reporter, station] couvrir [event, angle, story, subject, match] ; the game will be covered live on BBC1 le match sera diffusé en direct par BBC1 ;

7 ( pay for) [amount, salary, company, person] couvrir [costs, outgoings] ; combler [loss, deficit] ; £20 should cover it ○ 20 livres sterling devraient suffire ; to cover one's costs rentrer dans ses frais ;

8 Insur assurer, couvrir [person, possession] (for, against contre ; for doing pour faire) ; [guarantee] couvrir [costs, parts] ; are you adequately covered? est-ce que vous êtes suffisamment assuré? ;

9 Mil, Sport ( protect) couvrir [person, advance, retreat, exit, area of pitch] ; I'll cover you je te couvre ; I've got you covered! ( threat) ne bougez pas ou je tire! ; keep him covered tenez-le en joue ; to cover one's back fig se couvrir ;

10 ( conceal) cacher [emotion, ignorance] ; couvrir [noise] ; masquer [smell] ;

11 Mus ( make version of) faire sa version de [song] ;

12 Zool ( mate with) couvrir, saillir.

D v refl to cover oneself se protéger (against contre ; by doing en faisant) ; to cover oneself with se couvrir de [glory, praise, shame].

E - covered (dans composés) snow-/scrub-covered couvert de neige/de broussailles ; chocolate-covered enrobé de chocolat.

F covered pp adj [porch, passage, courtyard] couvert ; [dish, pan] à couvercle.

Phrasal verbs

■ cover for:

▶ cover for [sb]

1 ( replace) remplacer, faire un remplacement pour [colleague, employee] ;

2 ( protect) couvrir [person] ; ‘I'm going to be late, cover for me!’ ‘je vais être en retard, trouve-moi une excuse!’

■ cover in = cover over.

■ cover over:

▶ cover over [sth], cover [sth] over couvrir [passage, yard, area, pool] (with avec) ; recouvrir [painting, mark, stain] (with de).

■ cover up:

▶ cover up

1 ( put clothes on) se couvrir ;

2 to cover oneself up se couvrir (with de) ;

3 ( conceal truth) étouffer une affaire ; to cover up for couvrir [colleague, friend, mistakes] ; they're covering up for each other ils se couvrent l'un l'autre ;

▶ cover up [sth], cover [sth] up

1 lit recouvrir [window, body, footprints] (with avec) ; cacher [answers] (with avec) ;

2 fig dissimuler [mistake, loss, crime, affair, truth] ; cacher [emotion] ; étouffer [scandal].

Big English-French dictionary > cover
18 Godowsky, Leopold Jr

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 27 May 1900 Chicago, Illinois, USA d. 1983

[br]

American musician and photographic experimenter whose researches, with those of his colleague Mannes, led to the introduction of the first commercial tripack colour film, Kodachrome.

[br]

Both from distinguished musical families, Godowsky and Leopold Damrosch Mannes met at Riverdale School in New York in 1916, and shared an interest in photography. They began experiments in methods of additive colour photography, gaining a patent for a three-colour projector. Godowsky went to the University of California to study chemistry, physics and mathematics, while working as a professional violinist; Mannes, a pianist, went to Harvard to study music and physics. They kept in touch, and after graduating they joined up in New York, working as musicians and experimenting in colour photography in their spare time.

Initially working in kitchens and bathrooms, they succeeded in creating a two-layer colour photographic plate, with emulsions separately sensitized to parts of the spectrum, and patented the process. This achievement was all the greater since they were unable to make the emulsions themselves and had to resort to buying commercial photographic plates so that they could scrape off the emulsions, remelt them and coat their experimental materials. In 1922 their work came to the attention of C.E.K. Mees, the leading photographic scientist and Director of the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratory in Rochester, New York. Mees arranged for plates to be coated to their specifications. With a grant from Kuhn, Loeb \& Co. they were able to rent laboratory space. Learning of Rudolf Fischer's early work on dye couplers, they worked to develop a new process incorporating them. Mees saw that their work, however promising, would not develop in an amateur laboratory, and in 1930 he invited them to join the Kodak Research Laboratory, where they arrived on 15 June 1931. Their new colleagues worked on ways of coating multi-layer film, while Mannes and Godowsky worked out a method of separately processing the individual layers in the exposed film. The result was Kodachrome film, the first of the modern integral tripack films, launched on 15 April 1935.

They remained with Eastman Kodak until December 1939; their work contributed to the later appearance of Ektachrome colour-reversal film and the Kodacolor and Eastman Color negative-positive colour processes. Mannes became the Director of his father's Music Academy in New York, remaining as such until his death in 1964. Godowsky returned to Westport, Connecticut, and continued to study mathematics at Columbia University. He carried out photographic research un his private laboratory up until the time of his death in 1983.

[br]

Further Reading

C.E.K.Mees, 1961, From Dry Plates to Ektachrome Film, New York.

BC

Biographical history of technology > Godowsky, Leopold Jr
19 set

set

A n

1 ( collection) (of keys, spanners, screwdrivers) jeu m ; (of golf clubs, stamps, coins, chairs) série f ; ( of cutlery) service m ; ( of encyclopedias) collection f ; fig (of data, rules, instructions, tests) série f ; a set of china un service de table ; a new/clean set of clothes des vêtements neufs/propres ; they're sold in sets of 10 ils sont vendus par lots de 10 ; a set of bills Comm, Fin un jeu de connaissements ; a set of fingerprints des empreintes fpl digitales ; a set of stairs un escalier ; a set of traffic lights des feux mpl (de signalisation) ;

2 (kit, game) a backgammon/chess set un jeu de jacquet/d'échecs ; a magic set une mallette de magie ;

3 ( pair) a set of sheets une paire de draps ; a set of footprints l'empreinte des deux pieds ; a set of false teeth un dentier ; my top/bottom set ( of false teeth) la partie supérieure/inférieure de mon dentier ; one set of grandparents lives in Canada deux de mes grands-parents habitent au Canada ; both sets of parents agreed with us ses parents comme les miens étaient d'accord avec nous ;

4 Sport ( in tennis) set m ; ‘set to Miss Wilson’ ‘set Mademoiselle Wilson’ ;

5 ( television) poste m ; TV set, television set poste de télévision ;

6 ( group) ( social) monde m ; ( sporting) milieu m ; aristocratic/literary set monde aristocratique/littéraire ; the racing/yachting set le milieu des courses/du yachting ; the smart ou fashionable set les gens à la mode ; he's not part of our set il ne fait pas partie de notre groupe ;

7 ( scenery) Theat décor m ; Cin, TV plateau m ; on the set Cin, TV sur le plateau ;

8 Math ensemble m ;

9 GB Sch (class, group) groupe m ; to be in the top set for maths être dans le groupe des meilleurs en maths ;

10 ( hair-do) mise f en plis ; to have a shampoo and set se faire faire un shampooing et une mise en plis ;

11 Mus concert m ;

12 ( position) ( of sails) réglage m ; you could tell by the set of his jaw that he was stubborn ça se voyait à sa tête qu'il était têtu ;

13 ( direction) sens m ; the set of the tide/wind le sens de la marée/du vent ;

14 ( of badger) terrier m ;

15 Hort plante f à repiquer ;

16 Hunt ( of hound) arrêt m.

B adj

1 ( fixed) ( épith) [pattern, procedure, rule, task] bien déterminé ; [time, price] fixe ; [menu] à prix fixe ; [formula] toute faite ; [idea] arrêté ; I had no set purpose in arranging the meeting je n'avais pas d'objectif précis quand j'ai organisé cette réunion ; set phrase, set expression expression f consacrée, locution f figée ; to be set in one's ideas ou opinions avoir des idées bien arrêtées ; to be set in one's ways avoir ses habitudes ; the weather is set fair le temps est au beau fixe ;

2 ( stiff) [expression, smile] figé ;

3 Sch, Univ ( prescribed) [book, text] au programme ; there are five set topics on the history syllabus il y a cinq sujets au programme d'histoire ;

4 ( ready) ( jamais épith) prêt (for pour) ; to be (all) set to leave/start être prêt à partir/commencer ; they're set to win/lose tout laisse à croire qu'ils vont gagner/perdre ;

5 ( determined) to be (dead) set against sth/doing être tout à fait contre qch/l'idée de faire ; he's really set against my resigning/marrying il est tout à fait contre ma démission/mon mariage ; to be set on sth/on doing tenir absolument à qch/à faire ;

6 ( firm) [jam, jelly, honey] épais/épaisse, consistant ; [cement] dur ; [yoghurt] ferme.

C vtr ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp set)

1 (place, position) placer [chair, ornament] (on sur) ; poster [guard, sentry] ; monter, sertir [gem] (in dans) ; to set sth against a wall mettre qch contre un mur [bike, ladder] ; to set sth before sb lit placer qch devant qn [food, plate] ; fig présenter qch à qn [proposals, findings] ; to set sth in the ground enfoncer qch dans le sol [stake] ; to set sth into sth encastrer qch dans qch ; to set sth straight lit ( align) remettre qch droit [painting] ; fig ( tidy) remettre de l'ordre dans qch [papers, room] ; to set sth upright redresser qch ; a house set among the trees une maison située au milieu des arbres ; to set matters ou the record straight fig mettre les choses au point ; a necklace set with rubies un collier incrusté de rubis ; his eyes are set very close together ses yeux sont très rapprochés ;

2 ( prepare) mettre [table] ; tendre [trap] ; set three places mets trois couverts ; to set the stage ou scene for sth fig préparer le lieu de qch [encounter, match] ; the stage is set for the final tout est prêt pour la finale ; to set one's mark ou stamp on sth laisser sa marque sur qch ;

3 (affix, establish) fixer [date, deadline, place, price, target] ; lancer [fashion, trend] ; donner [tone] ; établir [precedent, record] ; to set a good/bad example to sb montrer le bon/mauvais exemple à qn ; to set one's sights on viser [championship, job] ;

4 ( adjust) mettre [qch] à l'heure [clock] ; mettre [alarm clock, burglar alarm] ; programmer [timer, video] ; to set the oven to 180° mettre le four sur 180° ; to set the controls to manual passer au mode manuel ; to set the video to record the film programmer le magnétoscope pour enregistrer le film ; to set the alarm for 7 am mettre le réveil pour 7 heures ; set your watch by mine règle ta montre sur la mienne ; I set the heating to come on at 6 am j'ai réglé le chauffage pour qu'il se mette en route à six heures ; to set the counter back to zero remettre le compteur à zéro ;

5 ( start) to set sth going mettre qch en marche [machine, motor] ; to set sb laughing/thinking faire rire/réfléchir qn ; to set sb to work doing charger qn de faire ; the noise set the dogs barking le bruit a fait aboyer les chiens ;

6 (impose, prescribe) [teacher] donner [homework, essay] ; poser [problem] ; créer [crossword puzzle] ; to set an exam préparer les sujets d'examen ; to set a book/subject for study mettre un texte/un sujet au programme ; to set sb the task of doing charger qn de faire ;

7 Cin, Literat, Theat, TV situer ; to set a book in 1960/New York situer un roman en 1960/à New York ; the film/novel is set in Munich/in the 1950's le film/roman se passe à Munich/dans les années 50 ;

8 Mus to set sth to music mettre qch en musique [libretto, lyrics] ;

9 Print composer [text, type] (in en) ;

10 Med immobiliser, éclisser spec [bone, broken leg] ;

11 ( style) to set sb's hair faire une mise en plis à qn ; to have one' s hair set se faire faire une mise en plis ;

12 ( cause to harden) faire prendre [jam, concrete] ;

13 ( esteem) to set sb above/below sb placer qn au-dessus/en dessous de qn ;

14 GB Sch grouper [qn] par niveau [pupils].

D vi ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp set)

1 [sun] se coucher ;

2 ( harden) [jam, concrete] prendre ; [glue] sécher ;

3 Med [fracture, bone] se ressouder.

E v refl ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp set) to set oneself sth se fixer qch [goal, target].

Idioms

to be well set-up ○ ( financially) avoir les moyens ○ ; ( physically) [woman] être bien balancé ○ ; to make a (dead) set at sb ○ GB se lancer à la tête de qn ○.

Phrasal verbs

■ set about:

▶ set about [sth] se mettre à [work, duties] ; to set about doing commencer à faire ; to set about the job ou task ou business of doing commencer à faire ; I know what I want to do but I don't know how to set about it je sais ce que je veux faire mais je ne sais pas comment m'y prendre ;

▶ set about [sb] ○ attaquer qn (with avec) ;

▶ set [sth] about faire courir [rumour, story] ; to set it about that… faire courir le bruit que…

■ set against:

▶ set [sb] against monter qn contre [person] ; to set oneself against sth s'opposer à qch ;

▶ set sth against sth ( compare) confronter qch à qch ; you have to set his evidence against what you already know vous devez examiner son témoignage à la lumière de ce que vous savez déjà ; the benefits seem small, set against the risks par rapport aux risques les bénéfices semblent maigres.

■ set apart:

▶ set [sb/sth] apart distinguer [person, book, film] (from de).

■ set aside:

▶ set [sth] aside, set aside [sth]

1 ( put down) poser [qch] de côté [book, knitting] ;

2 ( reserve) réserver [area, room, time] (for pour) ; mettre [qch] de côté [money, stock] ;

3 ( disregard) mettre [qch] de côté [differences, prejudices] ;

4 Admin, Jur ( reject) rejeter [decision, request, verdict] ; casser [judgment, ruling].

■ set back:

▶ set [sth] back

1 ( position towards the rear) reculer [chair, table] ; the house is set back from the road la maison est située un peu en retrait de la route ;

2 ( adjust) retarder [clock, watch] ;

▶ set back [sth], set [sth] back ( delay) retarder [production, recovery, work] ;

▶ set [sb] back ○ coûter les yeux de la tête à ○ ; that car must have set you back a bit cette voiture a dû te coûter les yeux de la tête ; it set me back 2,000 dollars ça m'a coûté 2 000 dollars.

■ set by:

▶ set [sth] by, set by [sth] mettre [qch] de côté.

■ set down:

▶ set [sb/sth] down déposer [passenger] ; poser [suitcases, vase] ;

▶ set down [sth], set [sth] down

1 ( establish) fixer [code of practice, conditions, criteria] ;

2 ( record) enregistrer [event, fact] ; to set down one' s thoughts (on paper) consigner ses pensées par écrit ;

3 ( land) poser [helicopter].

■ set forth:

▶ set forth ( leave) se mettre en route ;

▶ set forth [sth] exposer [findings, facts] ; présenter [argument].

■ set in:

▶ set in [infection, gangrene] se déclarer ; [complications] survenir ; [winter] arriver ; [depression, resentment] s'installer ; the rain has set in for the afternoon la pluie va durer toute l'après-midi ;

▶ set [sth] in Sewing rapporter [sleeve].

■ set off:

▶ set off partir (for pour) ; to set off on a journey/an expedition partir en voyage/expédition ; to set off to do partir faire ; he set off on a long description/story il s'est lancé dans une longue description/histoire ;

▶ set [off] sth, set [sth] off

1 ( trigger) déclencher [alarm] ; faire partir [firework] ; faire exploser [bomb] ; déclencher [riot, row, panic] ;

2 ( enhance) mettre [qch] en valeur [colour, dress, tan] ;

3 Fin to set sth off against profits/debts déduire qch des bénéfices/des dettes ;

▶ set [sb] off faire pleurer [baby] ; she laughed and that set me off elle a ri et ça m'a fait rire à mon tour ; don't mention politics, you know it always sets him off ne parle pas de politique tu sais bien que quand il est parti on ne peut plus l'arrêter.

■ set on:

▶ set on [sb] attaquer qn ;

▶ set [sth] on sb lâcher [qch] contre qn [dog] ; to set sb onto sb ou sb's track mettre qn sur la piste de qn.

■ set out:

▶ set out ( leave) se mettre en route (for pour ; to do pour faire) ; we set out from Paris/the house at 9 am nous avons quitté Paris/la maison à 9 heures ; to set out on a journey/an expedition partir en voyage/expédition ; to set out to do ( intend) [book, report, speech] avoir pour but de faire ; [person] chercher à faire ; ( start) commencer à faire ;

▶ set [sth] out, set out [sth]

1 ( spread out) disposer [goods] ; disposer [food] ; étaler [books, papers] ; disposer [chairs] ; préparer [board game] ; disposer [chessmen] ; organiser [information] ;

2 (state, explain) présenter [conclusions, ideas, proposals] ; formuler [objections, terms].

■ set to s'y mettre.

■ set up:

▶ set up ( establish oneself) [business person, trader] s'établir ; to set up on one's own s'établir à son compte ; to set up (shop) as a decorator/caterer s'établir en tant que décorateur/traiteur ; to set up in business monter une affaire ;

▶ set [sth] up, set up [sth]

1 ( erect) monter [stand, stall] ; assembler [equipment, easel] ; déplier [deckchair] ; ériger [roadblock] ; dresser [statue] ; to set up home ou house s'installer ; to set up camp installer un campement ;

2 ( prepare) préparer [experiment] ; Sport préparer [goal, try] ;

3 (found, establish) créer [business, company] ; implanter [factory] ; former [support group, charity] ; constituer [committee, commission] ; ouvrir [fund] ; lancer [initiative, scheme] ;

4 ( start) provoquer [vibration] ; susciter [reaction] ;

5 ( organize) organiser [conference, meeting] ; mettre [qch] en place [procedures] ;

6 Print composer [page] ;

▶ set [sb] up

1 ( establish in business) she set her son up (in business) as a gardener elle a aidé son fils à s'installer comme jardinier ;

2 (improve one's health, fortune) remettre [qn] sur pied ; there's nothing like a good vacation to set you up rien de tel que de bonnes vacances pour vous remettre sur pied ; that deal has set her up for life grâce à ce contrat elle n'aura plus à se soucier de rien ;

3 ○ GB ( trap) [police] tendre un piège à [criminal] ; [colleague, friend] monter un coup contre [person] ;

4 Comput installer, configurer ;

▶ set [oneself] up

1 Comm she set herself up as a financial advisor elle s'est mise à son compte comme conseiller financier ; to set oneself up in business se mettre à son compte ;

2 ( claim) I don't set myself up to be an expert je ne prétends pas être expert ; she sets herself up as an authority on French art elle prétend faire autorité en matière d'art français.

■ set upon:

▶ set upon [sb] attaquer qn.

Big English-French dictionary > set
20 Costa Gomes, Francisco da

(1914-2001)

   Career military officer, key personality, and authority in transition from dictatorship to democracy, and president of the republic. Born in the remote, poor, Trás-Os-Montes district, Costa Gomes was trained as an army officer and gained experience and promotions in many postings in Portugal's overseas empire from Macau, China, to Angola and Mozambique. As a lieutenant colonel in the post of undersecretary of the army in April 1961, he was implicated in a military coup plot to overthrow Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. Although he was fired, Costa Gomes rebuilt his bridges, was promoted to brigadier general in 1964, and soon was appointed to important commands in the colonial wars in Portuguese Africa: first in Mozambique (1965-69) and then in Angola (1970-72). In September 1972, he returned to Portugal as head of the joint chiefs of staff, a post he kept until he broke with Prime Minister Marcello Caetano in early 1974.

   During the last part of Caetano's governance, General Costa Gomes, in tandem with his senior, more famous and charismatic colleague in arms, General Antônio de Spínola, was involved in activities that led to the organization of a successful military coup on 25 April 1974, which overthrew the 48-year-old Estado Novo. Although younger officers did most of the work organizing this action, Costa Gomes played a key role, including authorizing the publication of the sensational book by General Spínola, Portugal e o Futuro, published only two months before the Revolution of Carnations in February 1974. Spinola's book acknowledged that Portugal had to find a political not a military solution to the wars in her African colonies, and the public reception of the work helped prepare the atmosphere for a bloodless coup.

   After the successful coup by the Armed Forces Movement and the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Costa Gomes was appointed chief of defense staff. When General Spínola resigned in September 1974, Costa Gomes became president, a post he ably filled until June 1976, when General Ramalho Eanes was elected president of the republic. Costa Gomes soon withdrew from the public eye, but in 1981 was promoted to Portugal's highest military rank of marshal.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Costa Gomes, Francisco da

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colleague — 1530s, from M.Fr. collègue (16c.), from L. collega partner in office, from com with (see COM (Cf. com )) + leg , stem of legare to choose (see LEGATE (Cf. legate)). So, one chosen to work with another, or one chosen at the same time as anoth … Etymology dictionary
colleague — 01. One of my [colleagues] has just written a book about his experiences teaching in Vietnam. 02. A [colleague] of mine has just gotten a new job at a private school, so we re going to have a good bye party for her. 03. You should discuss your… … Grammatical examples in English
colleague */*/*/ — UK [ˈkɒliːɡ] / US [ˈkɑˌlɪɡ] noun [countable] Word forms colleague : singular colleague plural colleagues someone who works in the same organization or department as you Friends and colleagues will remember him with affection. his Cabinet/party… … English dictionary
colleague — col|league [ ka,lig ] noun count *** someone who works in the same organization or department as you: Friends and colleagues will remember him with affection. his Cabinet/party colleagues colleague at/in/from: her colleagues at the university a.… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
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colleague — [16] A colleague is literally ‘one chosen or delegated to be or work with another’. It comes via French collègue from Latin collēga, a compound noun formed from com ‘with’ and lēg , the stem of lēgāre ‘choose’ (whence also English legation and… … The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins
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